NOAA-CIRES 20th Century Reanalysis (V2c)

• Observations (Pressure): ISPD version 3.2.9. The surface pressure observations have been made available through international cooperation facilitated by the Atmospheric Circulation Reconstructions over the Earth (ACRE) initiative and working groups of the Global Climate Observing System and World Climate Research Programme.
• Sea Surface Temperature Boundary Condition: prior to 2013: 18 members of pentad Simple Ocean Data Assimilation with Sparse Input (SODAsi) version 2 (SODAsi.2, Giese et al. 2016) with the high latitudes (>60) corrected to COBE-SST2 (Hirahara et al. 2014). 2013 onwards, NOAA OI SST V2 High Resolution Dataset (Reynolds et al. 2007).
• Sea Ice Concentration Boundary Condition: monthly COBE-SST2 sea ice (Hirahara et al. 2014).
• Model: NCEP GFS 2008ex (Compo et al. 2011) but with sea ice concentration specification down to fractions of 0.15 permitted. Previously fraction was truncated at 0.5. Additionally, the sea ice concentration misspecification noted in Compo et al. (2011) is corrected.
• Assimilation: Ensemble Filter. Same algorithm as in 20CRv2 and as described in Compo et al. (2011), Compo et al. (2006), Whitaker et al. (2004).
• Streams: As in Compo et al. 2011, every 5th year is produced in parallel for a continuous 5 year stream that started from November of stream year-1. Stream years are 1850,1855,...,2000, 2005. Released data start in January of stream year + 1, e.g., 1851 to 1855, 1856 to 1860, ..., 2001 to 2005. stream year 2005 is extended to 2011 and will be extended beyond.
• Additional details: Compo, G.P., J.S. Whitaker, P.D. Sardeshmukh, B. Giese, and P. Brohan, 2015: Intercomparison of an improved 20th Century Reanalysis version "2c" (1850-2012), American Meteorological Society Annual meeting, Phoenix, AZ, January 2015. Presentation.
• Model Notes: Briefly, the model has a spatial resolution of nearly 200-km on an irregular Gaussian grid in the horizontal (corresponding to a spherical harmonic representation of model fields truncated at total wavenumber 62, T62). In the vertical, we use finite differencing of 28 levels. The model has a complete suite of physical parameterizations as described in Kanamitsu et al. (1991) with recent updates detailed in Moorthi et al. (2001). Additional updates to these parameterizations are described in Saha et al. and include revised solar radiation transfer, boundary layer vertical diffusion, cumulus convection, and gravity wave drag parameterizations. In addition, the cloud liquid water is a prognostic quantity with a simple cloud microphysics parameterization. The radiation interacts with a fractional cloud cover that is diagnostically determined by the predicted cloud liquid water. Radiation also interacts with a 3 dimensional prognostic ozone that is determined from a gas-phase parameterization of ozone production and loss (McCormack et al. 2006) implemented by NCEP/EMC (Moorthi, personal communication). The 2008 experimental version of the model used for the 20th Century Reanalysis also includes the radiative effects of historical time-varying CO2 concentrations, volcanic aerosol and solar variations using the longwave radiation model of Mlawer et al. (1997) and shortwave radiation model of Hou et al. (2002). The specified boundary conditions needed to run the model in atmosphere-only mode are taken from the time-evolving sea surface temperature and sea ice concentration fields.

Usage Restrictions

• None

Caveats

• Opportunities for Improvement
• Values from 2013-2014 are experimental. The NOAA OI SST is used the ocean boundary condition for those two years. Also, IBTRACS are not used for whole time period.

Citation

• Please note: If you acquire NOAA-CIRES 20th Century Reanalysis (V2c) data products from PSL, we ask that you acknowledge us in your use of the data. This may be done by including text such as NOAA-CIRES 20th Century Reanalysis (V2c) data provided by the NOAA PSL, Boulder, Colorado, USA, from their website at https://psl.noaa.gov in any documents or publications using these data. We would also appreciate receiving a copy of the relevant publications. This will help PSL to justify keeping the data freely available online in the future. Thank you!

Original Source

• 20CR at NOAA/PSL
• Data are are courtesy of Gilbert Compo , Jeff Whitaker, and Prashant Sardeshmukh . University of Colorado CIRES, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory - Physical Sciences Laboratory.
• The NOAA-CIRES Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project version 2c used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center managed by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory which is supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
• Papers using the NOAA-CIRES Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project version 2c dataset are requested to include the following text in their acknowledgments: "Support for the NOAA-CIRES Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project version 2c dataset is provided by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science Biological and Environmental Research (BER), and by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Program Office."

Other Sources

• GRIB data files are available from NCAR Data Support Section at https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds131.2/

References

• Compo,G.P., J.S. Whitaker, and P.D. Sardeshmukh, 2006: Feasibility of a 100 year reanalysis using only surface pressure data. Bull. Amer. Met. Soc., 87, 175-190, doi:10.1175/BAMS-87-2-175.
• Compo, G.P., J.S. Whitaker, P.D. Sardeshmukh, N. Matsui, R.J. Allan, X. Yin, B.E. Gleaso n, R.S. Vose, G. Rutledge, P. Bessemoulin, S. Brennimann, M. Brunet, R.I. Crouthamel, A.N . Grant, P.Y. Groisman, P.D. Jones, M. Kruk, A.C. Kruger, G.J. Marshall, M. Maugeri, H.Y . Mok, Nordli, T.F. Ross, R.M. Trigo, X.L. Wang, S.D. Woodruff, and S.J. Worley, 2011: The Twentieth Century Reanalysis Project. Quarterly J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., 137, 1-28. DOI: 10.1002/qj.776
• Shoji Hirahara, Masayoshi Ishii, and Yoshikazu Fukuda, 2014: Centennial-Scale Sea Surface Temperature Analysis and Its Uncertainty. J. Climate,27, 57-75. doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00837.1
• Whitaker, J.S., G.P.Compo, X. Wei, and T.M. Hamill 2004: Reanalysis without radiosondes using ensemble data assimilation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 1190-1200, doi:10.1175/1520-0493( 2004)132<1190:RWRUED>2.0.CO;2.
• Cram, T.A., G. P. Compo, X. Yin, R. J. Allan, C. McColl, R. S. Vose, J.S. Whitaker, N. Matsui, L. Ashcroft, R. Auchmann, P. Bessemoulin, T. Brandsma, P. Brohan, M. Brunet, J. Comeaux, R. Crouthamel, B. E. Gleason, Jr., P. Y. Groisman, H. Hersbach, P. D. Jones, T. Jonsson, S. Jourdain, G. Kelly, K. R. Knapp, A. Kruger, H. Kubota, G. Lentini, A. Lorrey, N. Lott, S. J. Lubker, J. Luterbacher, G. J. Marshall, M. Maugeri, C. J. Mock, H. Y. Mok, O. Nordli, M. J. Rodwell, T. F. Ross, D. Schuster, L. Srnec, M. A. Valente, Z. Vizi, X. L. Wang, N. Westcott, J. S. Woollen, S. J. Worley, 2015: The International Surface Pressure Databank version 2. Geoscience Data J.,2,31-46, doi:10.1002/gdj3.25. (ISPD V3.2.9)
• Giese, B.S., H.F. Seidel, G.P. Compo, and P.D. Sardeshmukh, 2016: An ensemble of ocean reanalyses for 1815-2013 with sparse observational input. J. Geophys. Res. Oceans, 121, 6891-6910, doi:10.1002/2016JC012079. (SODAsi.2 )