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Introduction
Acronyms and Terms
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ACARS - ARINC Communications Addressing and Reporting System (supplies
automated aircraft reports) ACDWG - Atmospheric Center of Data Working Group ACG - Advanced Computing Group (FSL) AD - Aviation Division (FSL) ADDS - Aviation Digital Data Service AER - AWIPS Enhancement Research AES - Atmospheric Environment Service (Canada) AFOS - Automation of Field Operations and Services AFPS - AWIPS Forecast Preparation System AFWG - AFPS Forecaster Working Group AGFS - Aviation Gridded Forecast Systems AGL - Above Ground Level AIDA - Archive 1 Data Analyzer AIRMET - AIRmen METeorological information AIV - Aviation-Impact Variable ALERT - Automated Local Evaluation in Real Time AMS - American Meteorological Society AMVP - Aviation Model Verification Program ANL - Argonne National Laboratory AP - Anomalous Propagation ARINC - Aeronautical Radio, Inc. ARM - Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (a Department of Energy program) ARPS - Advanced Regional Prediction System ARRL - Amateur Radio Relay League ARTCC - Air Route Traffic Control Centers ASD - Aircraft Situation Display ASOS - Automated Surface Observing System (an National Weather Service system) ATC - Air Traffic Control ATCSC - Air Traffic Control Systems Command Center ATM - Asynchronous Transfer Mode ATMS - Advanced Traffic Management System AVARs - Aircraft Vertical Accelerometer Reports AVHRR - Advanced Very High-Resolution Radiometer AVN - Aviation model at NCEP AWC - Aviation Weather Center (National Weather Service) AWDP - Aviation Weather Development Program AWDS - Automated Weather Distribution System AWGWC - Air Force Global Weather Center AWIPS - Advanced Weather Interactive Processing System AWN - Aviation Weather Network AWP - Aviation Weather Program AWS - Air Weather Service AWSMSC - Air Weather Service Master Station Catalog BIT - Built-in Test BLP - Boundary Layer Profiler BRI - Basic Rate Interface BSU - Beam Steering Unit (component of profiling radar) BUFR - Binary Universal Form CAG - Convective Airspace Guidance CAPE - Convective Available Potential Energy CAPS - Center for the Analysis and Prediction of Storms CART - Cloud and Radiation Testbed (a heavily instrumented site in Oklahoma) CDE - Common Desktop Environment CD-ROM - Compact Disc-Read Only Memory CFCF - Central Flow Control Facility CGM - Computer Graphics Metafile CIRA - Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere CIRES - Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences CIT - Convection-Induced Turbulence client server - The model of interaction in a distributed system in which a program at one site sends a request to a program at another site and awaits a response. The requesting program is called the client, and the program satisfying the request is called the server. CLIP - Compressed Serial Line Internet Protocol CM - Configuration Management CMA - China Meteorological Administration CMDL - Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory (one of the Environmental Research Laboratories) CMIST - Configuration Management Integrated Support Tool (developed at FSL) COADS - Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Dataset COAMPS - Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System (U.S. Navy's regional weather model) COMET® - Cooperative Program for Operational Meteorology, Education, and Training (NCAR) CONUS - Continental (or conterminous) United States CORBA - Common Object Request Broker Architecture COSPAS - Cosmicheskaya Sistyema Poiska Avariynich Sudov (Russian equivalent of SARSAT) COTS - Commercial off-the-shelf software CSU-RAMS - Colorado State University Regional Atmospheric Modeling System CWB - Central Weather Bureau (located in Taipei, Taiwan) CWSU - Center Weather Service Unit DAM - Data Access Management (object-oriented software) DARE - Denver AWIPS Risk Reduction and Requirements Evaluation DARPA - Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency DCC - Direct Connect Service DCVZ - Denver Convergence Vorticity Zone DD - Demonstration Division (FSL) DDS - Domestic Data Service (NWS) DemVal - Demonstration and Validation DGPS - Differential Global Positioning System DIFAX - Digital facsimile map (a standard circuit of weather information produced by the NWS) DLT - Digital Linear Tape DMSP - Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (U.S. Air Force) DMSP SPO - DMSP Systems Program Office DNS - Domain Name System DOD - Department of Defense DOE - Department of Energy DOT - Department of Transportation DSAT - Distributed System Administration Team DSRS - Data Storage and Retrieval System DTF3 - Diagnostic Turbulent Flux algorithm (used for diagnosing turbulence from shear instabilities and gravity wave breaking) DUDFCD - Denver Urban Drainage and Flood Control District EBUFR - Enhanced Binary Universal Form ECMRWF - European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts EFT - Enhanced Forecaster Tools EMC - Environmental Modeling Center (one of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction) EMDS - Emergency Management Decision Support system (the dissemination component of LDAD) EOS - Earth Observing System EOSDIS - EOS Data and Information System (the data management component of EOS) ERL - Environmental Research Laboratories (12 within the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) ESDIM - Environmental Science Data Integration and Management Eta model - A hydrostatic model that employs the eta vertical coordinate (operational at NCEP) ETL - Environmental Technology Laboratory (previously the Wave Propagation Laboratory) FAA - Federal Aviation Administration FD - Facility Division (FSL) 4DDA - Four-Dimensional Data Assimilation (part of LAPS) FICS - Facility Information and Control System FIRE - First International Satellite Cloud Climatology Projects Regional Experiment FOS - Family of Services FRC - Front Range Consortium FRD - Forecast Research Division (FSL) FSL - Forecast Systems Laboratory (one of NOAA's 12 Environmental Research Laboratories) FT - Identification for an aviation terminal forecast (valid at an airport) ftp - File Transfer Protocol – A method of electronically transferring files that can be implemented on a variety of computers; it is an applications-level protocol based on Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP).) FTSC - FSL Technical Steering Committee FX - FSL's X-window workstation (the demonstration workstation for the WFO- Advanced workstation) FX-ALPHA - FSL X-window AWIPS-Like Prototype for Hydrometeorological Applications (renamed WFO-Advanced) GAINS - Global Air-ocean IN-situ System (shear-directed balloon project at FSL) GB - gigabyte GCIP - GEWEX Continental-scale International Project GCS - Gonzales Consulting Services, Inc. (FSL commercial services contractor) GDAS - Global Data Assimilation System GDP - Government Development Platforms GEMPAK - General Meteorological Package is an analysis and display package for meteorological data; it was developed by the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center and is now distributed and supported by Unidata. GEWEX - Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment GFS - Global Forecast System GIMPAP - GOES I-M Product Assurance Plan GINI - GOES-I NOAAport Interface GIS - Geographic Information Systems GLOBE - Global Learning and Observations to Benefit the Environment GLGS - GOES Local Groundstation System GOES - Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (a NOAA weather satellite) GPS - Global Positioning System GPS CORS - Global Positioning System Continuously Operating Reference Stations GPS-IPW - Global Positioning System-Integrated Precipitable Water GTS - Global Telecommunication System GRAF - Gridded Representation of Analyses and Forecasts GRIB - Gridded Binary GSOS - GPS Surface Observing System GUI - Graphical User Interface GVAR - GOES Variable (data) GWC - Global Weather Center HADS - Hydrometeorological Automated Data System HARS - High-Altitude Route Structure workstation (FAA) HCSN - High-Capacity Satellite Network HDS - High-resolution Data Service HiPPI - High Performance Parallel Interface HMS - Hungarian Meteorological Service HPCC - High-Performance Computing and Communications HPCS - High-Performance Computing Section (Aviation Division) HPD - Hourly Precipitation Data HRS - High-Resolution Data Service (an NWS data stream, formerly called the Numerical Product Service) HSM - Hierarchical Storage Management HTML - HyperText Markup Lanaguage http - Hypertext Transfer Protocol (the protocol used to create the World Wide Web) ICWF - Interactive Computer Worded Forecast, developed at the NWS Techniques Development Laboratory IDD - Internet Data Distribution (a Unidata software system for distributing real-time data over the Internet) IDS - International Data Service IFLOWS - Integrated Flood Observing and Warning System IIPS - International Conference on Interactive Information and Processing Systems (an annual AMS conference) Internet - The collection of all interconnected computer networks that use the TCP/IP protocol. IO - Input/Output IP - Internet Protocol ISCCP - International Satellite Cloud Climatology Projects ISDN - Integrated Services Digital Network ISP - Internet Service Provider ISPAN - Information Stream Project for AWIPS and NOAAPORT IT - Information Transport IVVS - RTVS Interactive Verification and Visualization System JFSP - Joint Forecast System Project JPL - Jet Propulsion Laboratory JVNTSC - John Volpe National Transportation Systems Center KMA - Korean Meteorological Administration LAPB - Local Analysis and Prediction Branch (FSL) LAPS - Local Analysis and Prediction System (developed at FSL) LARC - Limited Area Remote Collector LDA - Local Data Acquisition LDAD - Local Data Acquisition and Dissemination (a component of the WFO- Advanced workstation) LDM - Local Data Management (The LDM builds a local archive of data collected from various sources.) Loral Defense Systems (formerly Unisys Corporation) MAB - Meteorological Applications Branch (FSL Forecast Research Division) MAPS - Mesoscale Analysis and Prediction System – An FSL-developed, complete system for the frequent assimilation of meteorological observations into a numerical prediction model. MAPS/RUC - MAPS is the research version of the Rapid Update Cycle, the operational version running at NCEP. MAR - Modernization and Associated Restructuring (part of the NWS modernization program) Mark-IVB (not an acronym) - A satellite data system developed by the U.S. Air Force. MBONE - Multicast backBONE Mbps - Megabits Per Second MCCs - Mesoscale Convective Complexes MD - Modernization Division (FSL) MDCRS - Meteorological Data Collection and Reporting System METAR - meteorological aviation reports MHR - Mile-High Radar MHz - Megahertz (unit of frequency: one million cycles per second) MIT - Massachusetts Institute of Technology MM5 - Version 5 of the Pennsylvania State/NCAR Mesoscale Model MM90 - The parallelized version of MM5 MMAC - Multi-Media Access Center (Cabletron repeater) MPI - Message Passing Interface MPIF - Message Passing Interface Forum MPOA - Multi-Protocol Over ATM MPP - Massively Parallel Processor MRF - Medium-Range Forecast (refers to a global prediction model run at NCEP) NAOS - North American Observing System NAWAU - National Aviation Weather Advisory Unit MSAS - MAPS Surface Analysis System MSC - Multiple Successive Correction MSS - Mass Storage System NAOS - North American Atmospheric Observing System NAS - National Airspace System NASA - National Aeronautics and Space Administration N-AWIPS - National Centers Advanced Weather Interactive Processing System NCDC - National Climatic Data Center NCEP - National Centers for Environmental Protection (previously the National Meteorological Center) NDBC - National Data Buoy Center NEM - NWP Explicit Microphysics (model developed at FSL) NEWS - NOAA Earth Watch Service NESDIS - National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (a line office of NOAA) NetCDF - Network Common Data Form NEXRAD - Next-generation Radar NFS - Network File System NGDC - National Geophysical Data Center NGI - Next Generation Internet NGM - Nested Grid Model (a limited-area prediction model run at NCEP) NGS - National Geodetic Survey NIC - Network Interface Card NIMBUS - Networked Information Management client-Based User Service developed at FSL NNT - Nearest Neighbor Tool (developed at FSL) NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (U.S. Department of Commerce) NOAAPORT (not an acronym) - Access to NOAA real-time database systems (NOAA's future communications system). NOAASIS - NOAA Satellite Information System NODC - National Oceanic Data Center NOGAPS - U.S. Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System NOWrad – National Operational Weather radar (a tradename of WSI Corporation) NOWrad-6 - A new product derived from WSI Corporation national radar reflectivity data. NPI - NEXRAD Product Interface NPN - NOAA Profiler Network (previously known as the Wind Profiler Demonstration Project) NPOESS - National Polar Orbiter Environmental Satellite System NPS - Numerical Product Service NRC - National Research Council NREL - National Renewable Energy Laboratory NSDA - National Space Development Agency of Japan NSF - National Science Foundation NSRC - National Systems and Research Company NSSFC - National Severe Storms Forecast Center NSSL - National Severe Storms Laboratory NTP - Network Time Protocol NTRANS - metacode translator NWP - Numerical Weather Prediction NWS - National Weather Service (a NOAA line office) NWSFO - National Weather Service Forecast Office NWSTG - National Weather Service Telecommunications Gateway OAR - Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (a NOAA line office) OM - Office of Meteorology (part of NWS) OPTRAN – Optical Test Transmittance model ORB - Object Request Broker (software package) OSD - Office of Systems Development (part of NWS) OSF - Operational Support Facility (Norman, Oklahoma) OSO - Office of Systems Operations (part of NWS) OSS - Observation System Simulation OSSE - Observation System Simulation Experiment OSPF - Open Shortest Path First (routing algorithm) OSTPC - Open Systems Transition Planning Committee (FSL) PACS - Pan-American Climate Studies PCC - Profiler Control Center (FSL) PCMS - Process and Change Management System PDAM - Point Data Access and Management PDT - Product Development Team Perl - [written with only initial cap] Practical Extraction and Report Language PHIGS - Portable Hierarchical Image and Graphic Standard PIREPs - Pilot Reports PNR - Profiler Network Review PoC - Proof of Concept POD - probability of detection POES - Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellite POSIX - Portable Operating System Interface for Computer Environments PPC - Profiler Control Center (Boulder, CO) PPO - Profiler Program Office (Boulder, CO) PPP - Point-to-Point Protocol PPP - Parallelizing PreProcessor PPS - Public Products Service, one of the NWS Family of Services. PRC, Inc. - Also called Planning Research Corporation (AWIPS contractor) Pre-AWIPS - Preprototype AWIPS PSOS - Profiler Surface Observing System PUP - Principal User Position workstation PWV - precipitable water vapor QCMS - Quality Control Monitoring System QG - Quasi-Geostrophic Analysis QNH - Quasi-nonhydrostatic model RAID - Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks RAMS - Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (developed at the Colorado State University) RAOB - Radiosonde Observation RAPB - Regional Analysis and Prediction Branch (Forecast Research Division, FSL) RASS - Radio Acoustic Sounding System RCM - WSR-88D Radar Coded Message RDAM - Radar Data Access and Management format RECOURSE - Revision Control Unifying Related Environments RIDDS - Radar Interface and Data Distribution System RINEX - Receiver Independent Exchange format RISC - Reduced Instruction Set Computer ROC - Regional Observational Cooperative RPG - Radar Product Generator RPS - Routine Product Set RSA - Range Standardization and Augmentation project - a weather system at the U.S. Space Center RTTOV – Radiative Transfer (RT) model for Television Infrared Orbiting Satellite (TIROS) Operational Vertical Sounder (TOVS) RTVS - Real-Time Verification System (developed at FSL in the Aviation Division) RUC - Rapid Update Cycle (an FSL-developed numerical weather prediction model running at NCEP) RUC-2 - Second version of the RUC model RUCS - Rapid Update Cycle Surface SAO - Surface Aviation Observation SARSAT - Search and Rescue Satellite-Aided Tracking System SAV - State-of-the-Atmosphere Variable SCMS - Software Configuration Management Section (Aviation Division) SDAM - Satellite Data Access and Management format SDBE - Shear-Directed Balloon Experiment SDD - Systems Development Division (FSL) SDHS - Satellite Data Handling System SDM - Scientific Data Management SGI - Silicon Graphics, Inc. SIGMET - Significant Meteorological Information SIO - Scripps Institution of Oceanography SLIP - Serial Line Internet Protocol SMS - Scalable Modeling System (developed at FSL) SNMP - Simple Network Management Protocol SOO/SAC - Science and Operations Officer/Scientific Applications Computer (a program that provides SOOs at each NWS Weather Forecast Office with tools for on-station research, training, and professional development) SOPAC - Scripps Orbit and Permanent Array Center SPC - Storm Prediction Center SRS - Scalable Runtime System (component of the Scalable Modeling System) SST - Scalable Spectral Tool (component of the Scalable Modeling System) STA - System Technology Associates, Inc. (FSL commercial services contractor) SWE - Snow-Water Equivalent STORM - Stormscale Operational and Research Meteorology TCCR - Technical Committee for Computing Resources (ERL) TCP/IP - Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (A file transfer standard for networks developed by DOD; IP defines the format of the packets passing through the Internet; TCP defines how computers cooperate to ensure that data are passed correctly and reliably.) TDL - Techniques Development Laboratory (NWS headquarters) TDWR - Terminal Doppler Weather Radar TIP - TIROS Information Processor TIROS - Television and Infrared Operational Satellite TKE - Turbulent Kinetic Energy T-LAPS - Terminal LAPS TOVS - TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder TSC - Technical Steering Committee (FSL) UCAR - University Corporation for Atmospheric Research UEDS - Unidata Experimental Data Service (UCAR) UNAVCO - University NAVSTAR [not an acronym] Consortium (UCAR Office of Programs) UNIX - (not an acronym) A computer operating system. URL - Universal Resource Locator UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply USACE - United States Army Corps of Engineers USCG - United States Coast Guard UTC - Coordinated Universal Time VAD - Velocity-Azimuth Display VAFB - Vandenberg Air Force Base (in California) VAS – VISSR Atmospheric Sounder VHF - very high frequency VISSR - Visible and Infrared Spin-Scan Radiometer VMS - Virtual Memory Systems VNTSC - Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (FAA) VORTEX - Verification of Tornadoes Experiment WFO - Weather Forecast Office WFO-Advanced - The key element of the WFO-Advanced program is the forecaster workstation used to demonstrate many AWIPS functions in support of the modernized NWS Weather Forecast Office operations. WMO - World Meteorological Organization WPM - Well-Posed Model WPDN - Wind Profiler Demonstration Network (now called the National Profiler Network) WSI - WSI Corporation (a vendor of weather data) WSO - Weather Service Office WSR-88D - Weather Surveillance Radar WVIOP - water vapor intensive observing period WWW - World Wide Web, the Web, or FSL Website (an on-line, networked information-serving software system) ZTD - Zenith Tropospheric Signal Delay |
