Measurements at the Mauna Loa Observatory stopped after the 2022 eruption of the Mauna Loa volcano, when lava flow crossed the access road and took out power lines to the facility. The observatory remains inaccessible by vehicle and without power from the local utility company.

Observatory staff has established limited solar power in four observatory buildings and restored approximately 33 percent of the measurements onsite, including the Global Monitoring Laboratory and Scripps critical CO2 records and other atmospheric measurements.

Media can contact: Theo Stein (303) 819-7409 (theo.stein@noaa.gov) or Karin Vergoth 303-632-6413‬ (karin.vergoth@noaa.gov)

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Mauna Loa, Hawaii, United States [MLO]

Location

  • Country: United States Country Flag
  • Latitude: 19.5362° North
  • Longitude: 155.5763° West
  • Elevation: 3397.00 masl
  • Time Zone: Local Standard Time + 10.0 hour(s) = UTC

Contact

  • Address: NOAA - Mauna Loa Observatory
    1437 Kilauea Ave. #102
    Hilo, Hawaii, 96720, United States
  • Phone: (808)933-6965 Ext. 237
  • Fax: (808)933-6967

Data

Cooperating Agencies

Mauna Loa Observatory is located on the Island of Hawaii at an elevation of 3397 m on the northern flank of Mauna Loa volcano at 200 north. Established in 1957, Mauna Loa Observatory has grown to become the premier long-term atmospheric monitoring facility on earth and is the site where the ever-increasing concentrations of global atmospheric carbon dioxide were determined. The observatory consists of 10 buildings from which up to 250 different atmospheric parameters are measured by a complement of 12 NOAA/ESRL and other agency scientists and engineers.

GML Projects at Mauna Loa, Hawaii

Carbon Cycle Surface Flasks

Parameter Formula First Sample Date Status
Carbon Dioxide CO2 1969-08-20 Ongoing
Carbon Dioxide CO2 2021-07-02 Ongoing
Methane CH4 1983-05-06 Ongoing
Methane CH4 2021-07-02 Ongoing
Carbon Monoxide CO 1989-07-07 Ongoing
Carbon Monoxide CO 2021-07-02 Ongoing
Molecular Hydrogen H2 1989-07-07 Ongoing
Molecular Hydrogen H2 2021-07-02 Ongoing
Nitrous Oxide N2O 1995-12-15 Ongoing
Nitrous Oxide N2O 2021-07-02 Ongoing
Sulfur Hexafluoride SF6 2021-07-02 Ongoing
Sulfur Hexafluoride SF6 2023-01-11 Ongoing
Sulfur Hexafluoride SF6 1995-12-15 Ongoing
Sulfur Hexafluoride SF6 2022-09-14 Ongoing
Carbon-13/Carbon-12 in Carbon Dioxide d13C (CO2) 1990-01-12 Ongoing
Oxygen-18/Oxygen-16 in Carbon Dioxide d18O (CO2) 1990-01-12 Ongoing
Carbon-13/Carbon-12 in Methane d13C (CH4) 1998-01-02 Ongoing
D/H in Methane dD (CH4) 2005-04-06 Terminated - 2009-11-03
HFC-134a CH2FCF3 2022-09-14 Ongoing
HFC-134a CH2FCF3 2023-01-11 Ongoing
HCFC-22 CHF2Cl 2023-01-11 Ongoing
HCFC-22 CHF2Cl 2022-09-14 Ongoing
CFC-12 CCl2F2 2023-01-11 Ongoing
CFC-12 CCl2F2 2022-09-14 Ongoing
Methyl Chloride CH3Cl 2022-09-14 Ongoing
Methyl Chloride CH3Cl 2005-05-11 Terminated - 2018-06-05
Methyl Chloride CH3Cl 2023-01-11 Ongoing
CFC-114 CFC-114 2023-01-11 Ongoing
CFC-114 CFC-114 2022-09-14 Ongoing
HCFC-142b CH3CF2Cl 2022-09-14 Ongoing
HCFC-142b CH3CF2Cl 2023-01-11 Ongoing
Halon-1211 CBrClF2 2023-01-11 Ongoing
Halon-1211 CBrClF2 2022-09-14 Ongoing
Methyl Bromide CH3Br 2023-01-11 Ongoing
Methyl Bromide CH3Br 2022-09-14 Ongoing
CFC-11 CCl3F (ion 103) 2022-09-14 Ongoing
CFC-11 CCl3F (ion 103) 2023-01-11 Ongoing
HCFC-141b CH3CCl2F 2023-01-11 Ongoing
HCFC-141b CH3CCl2F 2022-09-14 Ongoing
Methyl Iodide CH3I 2022-09-14 Ongoing
Methyl Iodide CH3I 2023-01-11 Ongoing
CFC-113 CCl2FCClF2 2023-01-11 Ongoing
CFC-113 CCl2FCClF2 2022-09-14 Ongoing
Dichloromethane CH2Cl2 2023-01-11 Ongoing
Dichloromethane CH2Cl2 2022-09-14 Ongoing
Chloroform CHCl3 2023-01-11 Ongoing
Chloroform CHCl3 2022-09-14 Ongoing
Methyl Chloroform (97) CH3CCl3 2023-01-11 Ongoing
Methyl Chloroform (97) CH3CCl3 2022-09-14 Ongoing
Carbon Tetrachloride CCl4 2023-01-11 Ongoing
Carbon Tetrachloride CCl4 2022-09-14 Ongoing
Methelyne Bromide CH2Br2 2022-09-14 Ongoing
Methelyne Bromide CH2Br2 2023-01-11 Ongoing
Perchloroethylene (PCE) C2Cl4 2022-09-14 Ongoing
Perchloroethylene (PCE) C2Cl4 2023-01-11 Ongoing
Bromoform CHBr3 2023-01-11 Ongoing
Bromoform CHBr3 2022-09-14 Ongoing
Benzene C6H6 2023-01-11 Ongoing
Benzene C6H6 2006-12-13 Terminated - 2018-06-05
Benzene C6H6 2022-09-14 Ongoing
Carbonyl Sulfide COS 2023-01-11 Ongoing
Carbonyl Sulfide COS 2022-09-14 Ongoing
HCFC-21 CHCl2F 2022-09-14 Ongoing
HCFC-21 CHCl2F 2023-01-11 Ongoing
HFC-152a CH3CHF2 2023-01-11 Ongoing
HFC-152a CH3CHF2 2022-09-14 Ongoing
HCFC-124 CHClFCF3 2023-01-11 Ongoing
HCFC-124 CHClFCF3 2022-09-14 Ongoing
Methylbenzene C7H8 2006-12-13 Terminated - 2018-06-05
Carbon Disulfide CS2 2023-01-11 Ongoing
Carbon Disulfide CS2 2022-09-14 Ongoing
Ethane C2H6 2005-05-11 Terminated - 2018-06-05
Ethane C2H6 2022-09-14 Ongoing
Ethane C2H6 2023-01-11 Ongoing
Ethylene C2H4 2005-05-11 Terminated - 2018-06-05
Ethylene C2H4 2022-09-14 Ongoing
Ethylene C2H4 2023-01-11 Ongoing
Propane C3H8 2023-01-11 Ongoing
Propane C3H8 2022-09-14 Ongoing
Propane C3H8 2005-05-11 Terminated - 2018-06-05
Propylene C3H6 2023-01-11 Ongoing
Propylene C3H6 2005-05-11 Terminated - 2018-06-05
Propylene C3H6 2022-09-14 Ongoing
Isobutane i-C4H10 2022-09-14 Ongoing
Isobutane i-C4H10 2005-05-11 Terminated - 2018-06-05
Isobutane i-C4H10 2023-01-11 Ongoing
n-Butane n-C4H10 2005-05-11 Terminated - 2018-06-05
n-Butane n-C4H10 2023-01-11 Ongoing
n-Butane n-C4H10 2022-09-14 Ongoing
isopentane i-C5H12 2023-01-11 Ongoing
isopentane i-C5H12 2022-09-14 Ongoing
isopentane i-C5H12 2005-05-11 Terminated - 2018-06-05
n-Pentane n-C5H12 2005-05-11 Terminated - 2018-06-05
n-Pentane n-C5H12 2023-01-11 Ongoing
n-Pentane n-C5H12 2022-09-14 Ongoing
n-Hexane n-C6H14 2023-01-11 Ongoing
n-Hexane n-C6H14 2005-05-11 Terminated - 2018-06-05
n-Hexane n-C6H14 2022-09-14 Ongoing
isoprene C5H8 2006-12-13 Terminated - 2018-06-05
Halon-1301 CF3Br 2023-01-11 Ongoing
Halon-1301 CF3Br 2022-09-14 Ongoing
Halon-2402 CBrF2CBrF2 2023-01-11 Ongoing
Halon-2402 CBrF2CBrF2 2022-09-14 Ongoing
HFC-143a CH3CF3 2022-09-14 Ongoing
HFC-143a CH3CF3 2023-01-11 Ongoing
HFC-227ea CF3CHFCF3 2023-01-11 Ongoing
HFC-227ea CF3CHFCF3 2022-09-14 Ongoing
HFC-365mfc CH3CF2CH2CF3 2022-09-14 Ongoing
HFC-365mfc CH3CF2CH2CF3 2023-01-11 Ongoing
CFC-115 CClF2CF3 2022-09-14 Ongoing
CFC-115 CClF2CF3 2023-01-11 Ongoing
HFC-125 CHF2CF3 2022-09-14 Ongoing
HFC-125 CHF2CF3 2023-01-11 Ongoing
CFC-13 CClF3 2022-09-14 Ongoing
CFC-13 CClF3 2023-01-11 Ongoing
HFC-23 CHF3 2022-09-14 Ongoing
HFC-23 CHF3 2023-01-11 Ongoing
PFC-218 C3F8 2023-01-11 Ongoing
PFC-218 C3F8 2022-09-14 Ongoing
Acetylene C2H2 2006-12-13 Terminated - 2018-06-05
Acetylene C2H2 2022-09-14 Ongoing
Acetylene C2H2 2023-01-11 Ongoing
HFC-32 CH2F2 2022-09-14 Ongoing
HFC-32 CH2F2 2023-01-11 Ongoing
HFC-134 CHF2CHF2 2022-09-14 Ongoing
HFC-134 CHF2CHF2 2023-01-11 Ongoing
Halon-1011 CH2BrCl 2023-01-11 Ongoing
Halon-1011 CH2BrCl 2022-09-14 Ongoing
PFC-14 CF4 2023-01-11 Ongoing
PFC-14 CF4 2022-09-14 Ongoing
PFC-116 CF3CF3 2023-01-11 Ongoing
PFC-116 CF3CF3 2022-09-14 Ongoing
Trifluoroamine NF3 2023-01-11 Ongoing
Trifluoroamine NF3 2022-09-14 Ongoing
Sulfuryl Fluoride SO2F2 2022-09-14 Ongoing
Sulfuryl Fluoride SO2F2 2023-01-11 Ongoing
HFC-236fa CF3CH2CF3 2022-09-14 Ongoing
HFC-236fa CF3CH2CF3 2023-01-11 Ongoing
HCFC-133a CH2ClCF3 2022-09-14 Ongoing
HCFC-133a CH2ClCF3 2023-01-11 Ongoing
CFC-112 CCl3CClF2 2023-01-11 Ongoing
CFC-112 CCl3CClF2 2022-09-14 Ongoing
Trichloroethylene (TCE) C2HCl3 2023-01-11 Ongoing
Trichloroethylene (TCE) C2HCl3 2022-09-14 Ongoing
HFO-1234yf CH2=CFCF3 2022-09-14 Ongoing
HFO-1234yf CH2=CFCF3 2023-01-11 Ongoing
HFC-1234zeE CHF=CHCF3 2022-09-14 Ongoing
HFC-1234zeE CHF=CHCF3 2023-01-11 Ongoing
ethylene dichloride (1,2 DCE) CH2ClCH2Cl 2022-09-14 Ongoing
ethylene dichloride (1,2 DCE) CH2ClCH2Cl 2023-01-11 Ongoing
HCFC-123 CHCl2CF3 2022-09-14 Ongoing
HCFC-123 CHCl2CF3 2023-01-11 Ongoing
Morpholine C5F11NO 2023-01-11 Ongoing
Morpholine C5F11NO 2022-09-14 Ongoing
Perfluorotriethylamine (PFTEA) (C2F5)3N 2022-09-14 Ongoing
Perfluorotriethylamine (PFTEA) (C2F5)3N 2023-01-11 Ongoing
Perfluorotripropylamine (PFTPA) (C3F7)3N 2022-09-14 Ongoing
Perfluorotripropylamine (PFTPA) (C3F7)3N 2023-01-11 Ongoing
HFC-245fa 2023-01-11 Ongoing
HFC-245fa 2022-09-14 Ongoing

Carbon Cycle In Situ Observatory

Parameter Formula First Sample Date Status
Carbon Dioxide CO2 1974-05-17 Ongoing
Methane CH4 1987-04-03 Ongoing
Carbon Monoxide CO 1992-05-29 Ongoing

HATS Flask Sampling

Parameter Formula First Sample Date Status
HFC-134a CH2FCF3 1994-11-07 Ongoing
HCFC-22 CHF2Cl 1991-12-30 Ongoing
CFC-12 CCl2F2 2010-01-05 Ongoing
Methyl Chloride CH3Cl 1993-08-30 Ongoing
HCFC-142b CH3CF2Cl 1992-02-10 Ongoing
Halon-1211 CBrClF2 1991-12-30 Ongoing
Methyl Bromide CH3Br 1993-08-30 Ongoing
HCFC-141b CH3CCl2F 1992-12-28 Ongoing
CFC-113 CCl2FCClF2 1991-12-30 Ongoing
Dichloromethane CH2Cl2 1994-01-18 Ongoing
Perchloroethylene (PCE) C2Cl4 1993-11-22 Ongoing
Carbonyl Sulfide COS 2000-03-13 Ongoing
HFC-152a CH3CHF2 2000-08-14 Ongoing
Halon-2402 CBrF2CBrF2 1995-03-13 Ongoing
HFC-227ea CF3CHFCF3 2011-06-14 Ongoing
HFC-365mfc CH3CF2CH2CF3 2009-08-13 Ongoing
Methyl Chloroform CH3CCl3 1991-12-30 Ongoing
CFC-11 CCl3F 2010-01-05 Ongoing

HATS In Situ Observatory

Parameter Formula First Sample Date Status
Nitrous Oxide N2O 1999-07-08 Ongoing
Sulfur Hexafluoride SF6 1999-07-02 Ongoing
HCFC-22 CHF2Cl 1998-11-28 Ongoing
CFC-12 CCl2F2 2000-10-21 Ongoing
Methyl Chloride CH3Cl 1999-04-23 Ongoing
HCFC-142b CH3CF2Cl 1999-01-01 Ongoing
Halon-1211 CBrClF2 1998-12-03 Ongoing
CFC-113 CCl2FCClF2 1999-12-14 Ongoing
Carbon Tetrachloride CCl4 1999-06-25 Ongoing
Methyl Chloroform CH3CCl3 1999-04-23 Ongoing
CFC-11 CCl3F 1999-06-25 Ongoing

Aerosol Surface In-Situ

Parameter Formula First Sample Date Status
Light Scattering Coefficient σsp 1974-01-01 Ongoing
Light Absorption Coefficient σap 1990-01-01 Ongoing
Particle Number Concentration Nt 1974-01-01 Ongoing

Radiation In-Situ Observatory

Parameter Formula First Sample Date Status
Direct Normal 1976-03-01 Ongoing
Downwelling Shortwave 1976-03-01 Ongoing
Diffuse 1976-03-01 Ongoing
Downwelling Longwave 1993-10-31 Ongoing
Spectral 2001-07-01 Ongoing

Surface Ozone

Parameter Formula First Sample Date Status
Ozone O3 1973-09-20 Ongoing

Dobson Total Ozone

Parameter Formula First Sample Date Status
Ozone O3 1963-12-26 Ongoing

Lidar

Meteorology

Parameter Formula First Sample Date Status
Wind Speed ws 1977-01-01 Ongoing
Wind Direction wd 1977-01-01 Ongoing
Temperature temp 1977-01-01 Ongoing
Ambient Pressure press 1977-01-01 Ongoing
Relative Humidity rh 1977-01-01 Ongoing

Dobson Umkehr Ozone

Parameter Formula First Sample Date Status
Ozone O3 1963-12-26 Ongoing

Spectral UV Irradiance