Mauna Loa Observatory is located on the Island of Hawaii at an elevation of 3397 m on the northern flank of Mauna Loa volcano at 200 north. Established in 1957, Mauna Loa Observatory has grown to become the premier long-term atmospheric monitoring facility on earth and is the site where the ever-increasing concentrations of global atmospheric carbon dioxide were determined. The observatory consists of 10 buildings from which up to 250 different atmospheric parameters are measured by a complement of 12 NOAA/ESRL and other agency scientists and engineers.
Parameter | Formula | First Sample Date | Status |
---|---|---|---|
Carbon Dioxide | CO2 | 1969-08-20 | Ongoing |
Carbon Dioxide | CO2 | 2021-07-02 | Ongoing |
Methane | CH4 | 1983-05-06 | Ongoing |
Methane | CH4 | 2021-07-02 | Ongoing |
Carbon Monoxide | CO | 1989-07-07 | Ongoing |
Carbon Monoxide | CO | 2021-07-02 | Ongoing |
Molecular Hydrogen | H2 | 1989-07-07 | Ongoing |
Molecular Hydrogen | H2 | 2021-07-02 | Ongoing |
Nitrous Oxide | N2O | 1995-12-15 | Ongoing |
Nitrous Oxide | N2O | 2021-07-02 | Ongoing |
Sulfur Hexafluoride | SF6 | 2021-07-02 | Ongoing |
Sulfur Hexafluoride | SF6 | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
Sulfur Hexafluoride | SF6 | 1995-12-15 | Ongoing |
Sulfur Hexafluoride | SF6 | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
Carbon-13/Carbon-12 in Carbon Dioxide | d13C (CO2) | 1990-01-12 | Ongoing |
Oxygen-18/Oxygen-16 in Carbon Dioxide | d18O (CO2) | 1990-01-12 | Ongoing |
Carbon-13/Carbon-12 in Methane | d13C (CH4) | 1998-01-02 | Ongoing |
D/H in Methane | dD (CH4) | 2005-04-06 | Terminated - 2009-11-03 |
HFC-134a | CH2FCF3 | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
HFC-134a | CH2FCF3 | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
HCFC-22 | CHF2Cl | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
HCFC-22 | CHF2Cl | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
CFC-12 | CCl2F2 | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
CFC-12 | CCl2F2 | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
Methyl Chloride | CH3Cl | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
Methyl Chloride | CH3Cl | 2005-05-11 | Terminated - 2018-06-05 |
Methyl Chloride | CH3Cl | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
CFC-114 | CFC-114 | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
CFC-114 | CFC-114 | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
HCFC-142b | CH3CF2Cl | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
HCFC-142b | CH3CF2Cl | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
Halon-1211 | CBrClF2 | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
Halon-1211 | CBrClF2 | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
Methyl Bromide | CH3Br | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
Methyl Bromide | CH3Br | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
CFC-11 | CCl3F (ion 103) | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
CFC-11 | CCl3F (ion 103) | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
HCFC-141b | CH3CCl2F | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
HCFC-141b | CH3CCl2F | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
Methyl Iodide | CH3I | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
Methyl Iodide | CH3I | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
CFC-113 | CCl2FCClF2 | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
CFC-113 | CCl2FCClF2 | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
Dichloromethane | CH2Cl2 | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
Dichloromethane | CH2Cl2 | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
Chloroform | CHCl3 | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
Chloroform | CHCl3 | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
Methyl Chloroform (97) | CH3CCl3 | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
Methyl Chloroform (97) | CH3CCl3 | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
Carbon Tetrachloride | CCl4 | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
Carbon Tetrachloride | CCl4 | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
Methelyne Bromide | CH2Br2 | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
Methelyne Bromide | CH2Br2 | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
Perchloroethylene (PCE) | C2Cl4 | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
Perchloroethylene (PCE) | C2Cl4 | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
Bromoform | CHBr3 | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
Bromoform | CHBr3 | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
Benzene | C6H6 | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
Benzene | C6H6 | 2006-12-13 | Terminated - 2018-06-05 |
Benzene | C6H6 | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
Carbonyl Sulfide | COS | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
Carbonyl Sulfide | COS | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
HCFC-21 | CHCl2F | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
HCFC-21 | CHCl2F | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
HFC-152a | CH3CHF2 | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
HFC-152a | CH3CHF2 | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
HCFC-124 | CHClFCF3 | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
HCFC-124 | CHClFCF3 | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
Methylbenzene | C7H8 | 2006-12-13 | Terminated - 2018-06-05 |
Carbon Disulfide | CS2 | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
Carbon Disulfide | CS2 | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
Ethane | C2H6 | 2005-05-11 | Terminated - 2018-06-05 |
Ethane | C2H6 | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
Ethane | C2H6 | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
Ethylene | C2H4 | 2005-05-11 | Terminated - 2018-06-05 |
Ethylene | C2H4 | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
Ethylene | C2H4 | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
Propane | C3H8 | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
Propane | C3H8 | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
Propane | C3H8 | 2005-05-11 | Terminated - 2018-06-05 |
Propylene | C3H6 | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
Propylene | C3H6 | 2005-05-11 | Terminated - 2018-06-05 |
Propylene | C3H6 | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
Isobutane | i-C4H10 | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
Isobutane | i-C4H10 | 2005-05-11 | Terminated - 2018-06-05 |
Isobutane | i-C4H10 | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
n-Butane | n-C4H10 | 2005-05-11 | Terminated - 2018-06-05 |
n-Butane | n-C4H10 | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
n-Butane | n-C4H10 | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
isopentane | i-C5H12 | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
isopentane | i-C5H12 | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
isopentane | i-C5H12 | 2005-05-11 | Terminated - 2018-06-05 |
n-Pentane | n-C5H12 | 2005-05-11 | Terminated - 2018-06-05 |
n-Pentane | n-C5H12 | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
n-Pentane | n-C5H12 | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
n-Hexane | n-C6H14 | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
n-Hexane | n-C6H14 | 2005-05-11 | Terminated - 2018-06-05 |
n-Hexane | n-C6H14 | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
isoprene | C5H8 | 2006-12-13 | Terminated - 2018-06-05 |
Halon-1301 | CF3Br | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
Halon-1301 | CF3Br | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
Halon-2402 | CBrF2CBrF2 | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
Halon-2402 | CBrF2CBrF2 | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
HFC-143a | CH3CF3 | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
HFC-143a | CH3CF3 | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
HFC-227ea | CF3CHFCF3 | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
HFC-227ea | CF3CHFCF3 | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
HFC-365mfc | CH3CF2CH2CF3 | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
HFC-365mfc | CH3CF2CH2CF3 | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
CFC-115 | CClF2CF3 | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
CFC-115 | CClF2CF3 | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
HFC-125 | CHF2CF3 | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
HFC-125 | CHF2CF3 | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
CFC-13 | CClF3 | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
CFC-13 | CClF3 | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
HFC-23 | CHF3 | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
HFC-23 | CHF3 | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
PFC-218 | C3F8 | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
PFC-218 | C3F8 | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
Acetylene | C2H2 | 2006-12-13 | Terminated - 2018-06-05 |
Acetylene | C2H2 | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
Acetylene | C2H2 | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
HFC-32 | CH2F2 | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
HFC-32 | CH2F2 | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
HFC-134 | CHF2CHF2 | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
HFC-134 | CHF2CHF2 | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
Halon-1011 | CH2BrCl | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
Halon-1011 | CH2BrCl | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
PFC-14 | CF4 | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
PFC-14 | CF4 | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
PFC-116 | CF3CF3 | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
PFC-116 | CF3CF3 | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
Trifluoroamine | NF3 | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
Trifluoroamine | NF3 | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
Sulfuryl Fluoride | SO2F2 | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
Sulfuryl Fluoride | SO2F2 | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
HFC-236fa | CF3CH2CF3 | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
HFC-236fa | CF3CH2CF3 | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
HCFC-133a | CH2ClCF3 | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
HCFC-133a | CH2ClCF3 | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
CFC-112 | CCl3CClF2 | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
CFC-112 | CCl3CClF2 | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
Trichloroethylene (TCE) | C2HCl3 | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
Trichloroethylene (TCE) | C2HCl3 | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
HFO-1234yf | CH2=CFCF3 | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
HFO-1234yf | CH2=CFCF3 | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
HFC-1234zeE | CHF=CHCF3 | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
HFC-1234zeE | CHF=CHCF3 | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
ethylene dichloride (1,2 DCE) | CH2ClCH2Cl | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
ethylene dichloride (1,2 DCE) | CH2ClCH2Cl | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
HCFC-123 | CHCl2CF3 | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
HCFC-123 | CHCl2CF3 | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
Morpholine | C5F11NO | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
Morpholine | C5F11NO | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
Perfluorotriethylamine (PFTEA) | (C2F5)3N | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
Perfluorotriethylamine (PFTEA) | (C2F5)3N | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
Perfluorotripropylamine (PFTPA) | (C3F7)3N | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
Perfluorotripropylamine (PFTPA) | (C3F7)3N | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing |
HFC-245fa | 2023-01-11 | Ongoing | |
HFC-245fa | 2022-09-14 | Ongoing |
Carbon Cycle In Situ Observatory
Parameter | Formula | First Sample Date | Status |
---|---|---|---|
Carbon Dioxide | CO2 | 1974-05-17 | Ongoing |
Methane | CH4 | 1987-04-03 | Ongoing |
Carbon Monoxide | CO | 1992-05-29 | Ongoing |
Parameter | Formula | First Sample Date | Status |
---|---|---|---|
HFC-134a | CH2FCF3 | 1994-11-07 | Ongoing |
HCFC-22 | CHF2Cl | 1991-12-30 | Ongoing |
CFC-12 | CCl2F2 | 2010-01-05 | Ongoing |
Methyl Chloride | CH3Cl | 1993-08-30 | Ongoing |
HCFC-142b | CH3CF2Cl | 1992-02-10 | Ongoing |
Halon-1211 | CBrClF2 | 1991-12-30 | Ongoing |
Methyl Bromide | CH3Br | 1993-08-30 | Ongoing |
HCFC-141b | CH3CCl2F | 1992-12-28 | Ongoing |
CFC-113 | CCl2FCClF2 | 1991-12-30 | Ongoing |
Dichloromethane | CH2Cl2 | 1994-01-18 | Ongoing |
Perchloroethylene (PCE) | C2Cl4 | 1993-11-22 | Ongoing |
Carbonyl Sulfide | COS | 2000-03-13 | Ongoing |
HFC-152a | CH3CHF2 | 2000-08-14 | Ongoing |
Halon-2402 | CBrF2CBrF2 | 1995-03-13 | Ongoing |
HFC-227ea | CF3CHFCF3 | 2011-06-14 | Ongoing |
HFC-365mfc | CH3CF2CH2CF3 | 2009-08-13 | Ongoing |
Methyl Chloroform | CH3CCl3 | 1991-12-30 | Ongoing |
CFC-11 | CCl3F | 2010-01-05 | Ongoing |
Parameter | Formula | First Sample Date | Status |
---|---|---|---|
Nitrous Oxide | N2O | 1999-07-08 | Ongoing |
Sulfur Hexafluoride | SF6 | 1999-07-02 | Ongoing |
HCFC-22 | CHF2Cl | 1998-11-28 | Ongoing |
CFC-12 | CCl2F2 | 2000-10-21 | Ongoing |
Methyl Chloride | CH3Cl | 1999-04-23 | Ongoing |
HCFC-142b | CH3CF2Cl | 1999-01-01 | Ongoing |
Halon-1211 | CBrClF2 | 1998-12-03 | Ongoing |
CFC-113 | CCl2FCClF2 | 1999-12-14 | Ongoing |
Carbon Tetrachloride | CCl4 | 1999-06-25 | Ongoing |
Methyl Chloroform | CH3CCl3 | 1999-04-23 | Ongoing |
CFC-11 | CCl3F | 1999-06-25 | Ongoing |
Parameter | Formula | First Sample Date | Status |
---|---|---|---|
Light Scattering Coefficient | σsp | 1974-01-01 | Ongoing |
Light Absorption Coefficient | σap | 1990-01-01 | Ongoing |
Particle Number Concentration | Nt | 1974-01-01 | Ongoing |
Parameter | Formula | First Sample Date | Status |
---|---|---|---|
Direct Normal | 1976-03-01 | Ongoing | |
Downwelling Shortwave | 1976-03-01 | Ongoing | |
Diffuse | 1976-03-01 | Ongoing | |
Downwelling Longwave | 1993-10-31 | Ongoing | |
Spectral | 2001-07-01 | Ongoing |
Parameter | Formula | First Sample Date | Status |
---|---|---|---|
Ozone | O3 | 1973-09-20 | Ongoing |
Parameter | Formula | First Sample Date | Status |
---|---|---|---|
Ozone | O3 | 1963-12-26 | Ongoing |
Lidar
Meteorology
Parameter | Formula | First Sample Date | Status |
---|---|---|---|
Wind Speed | ws | 1977-01-01 | Ongoing |
Wind Direction | wd | 1977-01-01 | Ongoing |
Temperature | temp | 1977-01-01 | Ongoing |
Ambient Pressure | press | 1977-01-01 | Ongoing |
Relative Humidity | rh | 1977-01-01 | Ongoing |
Dobson Umkehr Ozone
Parameter | Formula | First Sample Date | Status |
---|---|---|---|
Ozone | O3 | 1963-12-26 | Ongoing |
Spectral UV Irradiance