GMD Site Description: SUM
Summit, Greenland [SUM]

Location

  • Country: Greenland Country Flag
  • Latitude: 72.5800° North
  • Longitude: 38.48° West
  • Elevation: 3238.00 masl
  • Time Zone: Local Time + 2 hour(s) = UTC

Data

Cooperating Agencies


Description
The Greenland Environmental Observatory (GEOSummit) on the summit of the Greenland Ice Sheet (72°N, 38°W, 3200 m.a.s.l.) was established by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Danish Commission for Scientific Research in Greenland to provide year-round, long-term measurements for monitoring and investigations of the Arctic environment. The multidisciplinary facility is home to several year-round investigations as well as numerous seasonal campaigns which take advantage of the unique location of the observatory. GEOSummit provides investigators ease of access to the highest site north of the Arctic circle. Since 1989, when the GISP II ice-coring activities began, the site has hosted numerous atmospheric and glaciological investigations. Following two trial winter over periods (1997-1998, and 2000-2002), the NSF Long Term Observatory (LTO) program committed funding to maintain year-round measurements of key baseline variables of climate change at the site. In addition, several programs funded through European agencies have a year-round presence at the site.

The Summit website is at http://www.geosummit.org/

GMD Projects at Summit

Carbon Cycle Surface Flasks

Parameter Formula First Sample Date Most Recent Sample Date
Carbon Dioxide CO2 1997-06-23 Ongoing
Methane CH4 1997-06-23 Ongoing
Carbon Monoxide CO 1997-06-23 Ongoing
Molecular Hydrogen H2 1997-06-23 Ongoing
Nitrous Oxide N2O 1997-06-23 Ongoing
Sulfur Hexafluoride SF6 1997-06-23 Ongoing
Carbon-13/Carbon-12 in Carbon Dioxide d13C (CO2) 1997-06-23 Ongoing
Oxygen-18/Oxygen-16 in Carbon Dioxide d18O (CO2) 1997-06-23 Ongoing
Carbon-13/Carbon-12 in Methane d13C (CH4) 2010-04-27 Ongoing
Methyl Chloride CH3Cl 2004-10-18 Ongoing
Benzene C6H6 2006-07-17 Ongoing
toluene C7H8 2006-07-17 Ongoing
ethane C2H6 2004-10-18 Ongoing
ethene C2H4 2004-11-15 Ongoing
propane C3H8 2004-10-18 Ongoing
propene C3H6 2004-10-18 Ongoing
i-butane i-C4H10 2004-10-18 Ongoing
n-butane n-C4H10 2004-10-18 Ongoing
i-pentane i-C5H12 2004-10-18 Ongoing
n-pentane n-C5H12 2004-10-18 Ongoing
n-hexane n-C6H14 2004-10-18 Ongoing
wind speed 1997-06-23 Ongoing
wind direction 1997-06-23 Ongoing
ambient temperature 2004-05-10 2004-08-09
isoprene C5H8 2006-07-17 Ongoing

HATS Flask Sampling

Parameter Formula First Sample Date Most Recent Sample Date
HFC-134a CH2FCF3 2004-06-01 Ongoing
HCFC-22 CHF2Cl 2004-06-01 Ongoing
CFC-12 CCl2F2 2004-06-01 Ongoing
Methyl Chloride CH3Cl 2004-06-01 Ongoing
HCFC-142b CH3CF2Cl 2004-06-01 Ongoing
Halon-1211 CBrClF2 2004-06-01 Ongoing
methyl bromide CH3Br 2004-06-01 Ongoing
HCFC-141b CH3CCl2F 2004-06-01 Ongoing
methyl iodide CH3I 2004-06-01 Ongoing
CFC-113 CCl2FCClF2 2004-06-01 Ongoing
dichloromethane CH2Cl2 2004-06-01 Ongoing
chloroform CHCl3 2004-06-01 Ongoing
carbon tetrachloride CCl4 2004-06-01 Ongoing
dibromomethane CH2Br2 2004-06-01 Ongoing
tetrachloroethylene C2Cl4 2004-06-01 Ongoing
bromoform CHBr3 2004-06-01 Ongoing
Benzene C6H6 2004-06-01 Ongoing
carbonyl sulfide COS 2004-06-01 Ongoing
HFC-152a CH3CHF2 2004-06-01 Ongoing
carbonyl disulfide CS2 2004-06-01 Ongoing
Halon 2402 CBrF2CBrF2 2004-06-01 Ongoing
Halon 1301 CF3Br 2004-06-01 Ongoing
Methyl Chloroform CH3CCl3 2004-06-01 Ongoing
CFC-11 CCl3F 2004-06-01 Ongoing

HATS In Situ Observatory

Parameter Formula First Sample Date Most Recent Sample Date
Nitrous Oxide N2O 2007-07-16 Ongoing
Sulfur Hexafluoride SF6 2007-07-16 Ongoing
CFC-12 CCl2F2 2007-07-16 Ongoing
Halon-1211 CBrClF2 2007-07-16 Ongoing
CFC-113 CCl2FCClF2 2007-07-16 Ongoing
carbon tetrachloride CCl4 2007-07-16 Ongoing
Methyl Chloroform CH3CCl3 2007-07-16 Ongoing
CFC-11 CCl3F 2007-07-16 Ongoing

Radiation In-Situ Observatory

Parameter Formula First Sample Date Most Recent Sample Date
Direct Beam 2006-05-28 Ongoing
Shortwave Global 2006-05-28 Ongoing
Diffuse 2006-05-28 Ongoing
Reflected Shortwave 2006-05-28 Ongoing
Downward Longwave 2006-05-28 Ongoing
Upward Longwave 2006-05-28 Ongoing

Surface Ozone

Parameter Formula First Sample Date Most Recent Sample Date
Ozone O3 2000-06-01 Ongoing

Ozonesonde

Parameter Formula First Sample Date Most Recent Sample Date
Ozone O3 2005-02-12 Ongoing

Trajectories

Meteorology

Parameter Formula First Sample Date Most Recent Sample Date
Wind speed 2 meters 2008-01-01 2008-06-25
Wind Direction 2 Meters 2008-01-04 2008-06-25
Wind Speed 10 Meters 2007-08-02 Ongoing
Wind Direction 10 Meters 2007-08-02 Ongoing
Wind Direction Top 2008-01-01 2008-06-25
Barometric Pressure 2007-08-02 Ongoing
Relative Humidity 2 Meters 2007-08-02 Ongoing
Temperature 2 Meters 2007-08-02 Ongoing
Temperature 10 Meters 2007-08-02 Ongoing
temperature Top 2008-06-26 Ongoing

Black Carbon

Parameter Formula First Sample Date Most Recent Sample Date
Black Carbon BC 2003-08-10 Ongoing