GMD Site Description: SUM
CountryCountry Flag
Greenland
Latitude:72.5800° North
Longitude:38.48° West
Elevation: 3238.00 masl
Time Zone: Local Time + 2 hour(s) = UTC

Cooperating Agencies
Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, Univ. of Arizona/NSF

Atmospheric Transport
Clustered summary of Trajectories


Description
The Greenland Environmental Observatory (GEOSummit) on the summit of the Greenland Ice Sheet (72°N, 38°W, 3200 m.a.s.l.) was established by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) and the Danish Commission for Scientific Research in Greenland to provide year-round, long-term measurements for monitoring and investigations of the Arctic environment. The multidisciplinary facility is home to several year-round investigations as well as numerous seasonal campaigns which take advantage of the unique location of the observatory. GEOSummit provides investigators ease of access to the highest site north of the Arctic circle. Since 1989, when the GISP II ice-coring activities began, the site has hosted numerous atmospheric and glaciological investigations. Following two trial winter over periods (1997-1998, and 2000-2002), the NSF Long Term Observatory (LTO) program committed funding to maintain year-round measurements of key baseline variables of climate change at the site for a period of five years from 2003-2008. In addition, several programs funded through European agencies have a year-round presence at the site.

The Summit website is at http://www.geosummit.org/

 

GMD Projects at Summit

Carbon Cycle Surface Flasks

Parameter Formula First Sample Date Most Recent Sample Date
Carbon Dioxide CO2 1997-06-23 2009-07-16
Methane CH4 1997-06-23 2009-07-16
Carbon Monoxide CO 1997-06-23 2009-07-16
Molecular Hydrogen H2 1997-06-23 2009-07-16
Nitrous Oxide N2O 1997-06-23 2009-07-16
Sulfur Hexafluoride SF6 1997-06-23 2009-07-16
Carbon-13/Carbon-12 in Carbon Dioxide d13C (CO2) 1997-06-23 2009-07-16
Oxygen-18/Oxygen-16 in Carbon Dioxide d18O (CO2) 1997-06-23 2009-07-16
Methyl Chloride CH3Cl 2004-10-18 2009-07-16
Benzene C6H6 2006-07-17 2009-07-16
toluene C7H8 2006-07-17 2009-07-16
ethane C2H6 2004-10-18 2009-07-16
ethene C2H4 2004-11-15 2009-07-16
propane C3H8 2004-10-18 2009-07-16
propene C3H6 2004-10-18 2009-07-16
i-butane i-C4H10 2004-10-18 2009-07-16
n-butane n-C4H10 2004-10-18 2009-07-16
i-pentane i-C5H12 2004-10-18 2009-07-16
n-pentane n-C5H12 2004-10-18 2009-07-16
n-hexane n-C6H14 2004-10-18 2009-07-16
wind speed 1997-06-23 2009-07-16
wind direction 1997-06-23 2009-07-16
ambient temperature 2004-05-10 2004-08-09
isoprene C5H8 2006-07-17 2009-07-16

HATS Flask Sampling

HATS In Situ Observatory

Parameter Formula First Sample Date Most Recent Sample Date
Nitrous Oxide N2O 2007-07-16 2009-04-19
Sulfur Hexafluoride SF6 2007-07-16 2009-07-15
CFC-12 CCl2F2 2007-07-16 2009-04-03
Halon-1211 CBrClF2 2007-07-16 2009-04-05
CFC-11 (ion 101) CCl3F (ion 101) 2007-07-16 2009-04-05
CFC-113 CCl2FCClF2 2007-07-16 2009-04-05
carbon tetrachloride CCl4 2007-07-16 2009-04-05
Methyl Chloroform CH3CCl3 2007-07-16 2009-04-05

Aerosol Surface, Continuous Measurements

Surface Ozone

Parameter Formula First Sample Date Most Recent Sample Date
Ozone O3 2000-06-01 2007-12-31

Water Vapor Profiles

Ozonesonde

Meteorology

Parameter Formula First Sample Date Most Recent Sample Date
wind speed 2 meters 2007-08-02 2009-08-18
Wind Direction 2 Meters 2007-08-02 2009-08-18
Wind Speed 10 Meters 2007-08-02 2009-08-18
Wind Direction 10 Meters 2007-08-02 2009-08-18
Wind Speed Top 2007-08-02 2009-08-18
Wind Direction Top 2007-08-02 2009-08-18
Barometric Pressure 2007-08-02 2009-08-18
Relative Humidity 2 Meters 2007-08-02 2009-08-18
Temperature 2 Meters 2007-08-02 2009-08-18
Temperature 10 Meters 2007-08-02 2009-08-18
temperature Top 2007-08-02 2009-08-18
Precipitation 2007-08-02 2009-08-18