Niwot Ridge, Colorado, United States [NWR]
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Cooperating Agencies Atmospheric Transport |
University of Colorado/INSTAAR
Description
Niwot Ridge is located approximately 35 km west of Boulder, Colorado, with the entire study site lying above 3000 m elevation. There is a cirque glacier (Arikaree Glacier), extensive alpine tundra, a variety of glacial landforms, glacial lakes and moraines, cirques and talus slopes, patterned ground, and permafrost. The research area is bounded on the west by the Continental Divide, with runoff on the two sides being destined for the Colorado and Mississippi Rivers. The alpine study area is reached by an unimproved road from the Mountain Research Station (2895 m) which leads to within 2 km of the main tundra research site, the Saddle (3528 m). Niwot Ridge, including the main alpine study site, is part of the Roosevelt National Forest and has been designated a Biosphere Reserve (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, UNESCO) and an Experimental Ecology Reserve (USDA Forest Service).
The Niwot Ridge web site is at http://culter.colorado.edu/NWT/
GMD Projects at Niwot Ridge, Colorado
Carbon Cycle Surface Flasks
| Parameter | Formula | First Sample Date | Most Recent Sample Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon Dioxide | CO2 | 1968-01-16 | 2009-10-20 |
| Methane | CH4 | 1983-06-21 | 2009-10-20 |
| Carbon Monoxide | CO | 1988-12-13 | 2009-10-20 |
| Molecular Hydrogen | H2 | 1989-01-10 | 2009-10-20 |
| Nitrous Oxide | N2O | 1997-04-22 | 2009-10-20 |
| Sulfur Hexafluoride | SF6 | 1997-04-22 | 2009-10-20 |
| Carbon-13/Carbon-12 in Carbon Dioxide | d13C (CO2) | 1990-01-16 | 2009-10-20 |
| Oxygen-18/Oxygen-16 in Carbon Dioxide | d18O (CO2) | 1990-01-23 | 2009-10-20 |
| Carbon-13/Carbon-12 in Methane | d13C (CH4) | 1998-01-06 | 2009-09-29 |
| Carbon-14/Carbon in Carbon Dioxide | D14C (CO2) | 2003-05-27 | 2008-02-19 |
| D/H in Methane | dD (CH4) | 2005-05-24 | 2009-01-13 |
| Methyl Chloride | CH3Cl | 2005-12-06 | 2005-12-06 |
| ethane | C2H6 | 2005-12-06 | 2005-12-06 |
| ethene | C2H4 | 2005-12-06 | 2005-12-06 |
| propane | C3H8 | 2005-12-06 | 2005-12-06 |
| i-butane | i-C4H10 | 2005-12-06 | 2005-12-06 |
| n-butane | n-C4H10 | 2005-12-06 | 2005-12-06 |
| i-pentane | i-C5H12 | 2005-12-06 | 2005-12-06 |
| n-pentane | n-C5H12 | 2005-12-06 | 2005-12-06 |
| n-hexane | n-C6H14 | 2005-12-06 | 2005-12-06 |
| wind speed | 1992-07-21 | 2009-10-20 | |
| wind direction | 1992-07-21 | 2009-10-20 | |
| ambient temperature | 2004-08-31 | 2009-10-15 | |
| ambient pressure | 2006-12-14 | 2009-10-15 | |
| relative humidity | 2006-12-14 | 2009-10-15 |
Carbon Cycle Airborne Flasks
HATS Flask Sampling
HATS In Situ Observatory
| Parameter | Formula | First Sample Date | Most Recent Sample Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nitrous Oxide | N2O | 2000-11-08 | 2009-04-16 |
| Sulfur Hexafluoride | SF6 | 2000-11-08 | 2009-07-15 |
| HCFC-22 | CHF2Cl | 2000-11-08 | 2009-01-01 |
| CFC-12 | CCl2F2 | 2000-11-08 | 2009-04-08 |
| Methyl Chloride | CH3Cl | 2000-12-23 | 2009-01-01 |
| HCFC-142b | CH3CF2Cl | 2000-11-08 | 2009-04-08 |
| Halon-1211 | CBrClF2 | 2000-11-08 | 2009-04-08 |
| CFC-11 (ion 101) | CCl3F (ion 101) | 2000-11-08 | 2009-04-08 |
| CFC-113 | CCl2FCClF2 | 2000-11-08 | 2009-04-08 |
| carbon tetrachloride | CCl4 | 2000-11-08 | 2009-04-08 |
| Methyl Chloroform | CH3CCl3 | 2000-11-08 | 2009-04-08 |
Ultraviolet Radiation
Surface Ozone
| Parameter | Formula | First Sample Date | Most Recent Sample Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ozone | O3 | 1990-07-26 | 2007-12-31 |
Trajectories