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Tropospheric Chemistry: Measurements

Earlier Field Missions

Some of the field missions that the Chemical Sciences Division (then the Aeronomy Lab) participated in before 1999:

• 1997 NARE (North Atlantic Regional Experiment): The fundamental aims were to determine the relative importance of natural and anthropogenic ozone sources as well as to quantify the principal mechanisms for the transport of O3 and its precursors from the continental boundary layer to the remote marine troposphere. Measurements were made from the P-3 aircraft. [Cooper, O., J. Moody, D. Parrish, M. Trainer, T. Ryerson, J. Holloway, G. Hübler, F. Fehsenfeld, S. Oltmans, and M. Evans, Trace gas signatures of the airstreams within North Atlantic cyclones: Case studies from the North Atlantic Regional Experiment (NARE '97) aircraft intensive, J. Geophys. Res., 106(D6), 5437-5456, 2001].
• 1996 STERAO_A (Stratospheric-Tropospheric Exchange: Radiation, Aerosols and Ozone): This campaign was conducted in northeastern Colorado during June and July of 1996 to investigate the production of NOx by lightning, the transport and redistribution of chemical species in the troposphere by thunderstorms, and the temporal evolution of intra-cloud and cloud-to-ground lightning for evolving storms on the Colorado high plains. Measurements were made from the P-3 aircraft and from ground-based instruments. [J. E. Dye, B. A. Ridley, W. Skamarock, M. Barth, M. Venticinque, E. Defer, P. Blanchet, C. Thery, P. Laroche, K. Baumann, G. Hubler, D. D. Parrish, T. Ryerson, M. Trainer, G. Frost, J. S. Holloway, T. Matejka, D. Bartels, F. C. Fehsenfeld, A. Tuck, S. A. Rutledge, T. Lang, J. Stith, R. Zerr, An overview of the Stratospheric-Tropospheric Experiment: Radiation, Aerosols, and Ozone (STERAO)-Deep Convection experiment with results for the July 10, 1996 storm, J. Geophys. Res., 105(D8), 10023-10045, 2000; Skamarock, W., J. Powers, M. Barth, J. Dye, T. Matejka, D. Bartels, K. Baumann, J. Stith, D. Parrish, and G. Hubler, Numerical simulations of the July 10 Stratospheric-Tropospheric Experiment: Radiation, Aerosols, and Ozone/Deep Convection Experiment convective system: Kinematics and transport, J. Geophys. Res., 105(D15), 19973-19990, 2000].
• 1996 NARE (North Atlantic Regional Experiment): The fundamental aims were to determine the relative importance of natural and anthropogenic ozone O3 sources as well as to quantify the principal mechanisms for the transport of O3 and its precursors from the continental boundary layer to the remote marine troposphere. Measurements were made from the P-3 aircraft [Parrish, D.D., T.B. Ryerson, J.S. Holloway, M. Trainer, and F.C. Fehsenfeld, New directions: Does pollution increase or decrease tropospheric ozone in Winter-Spring?, Atmospheric Environment, 33, 5147-5149, 1999].
• 1996 CAPE NORMAN: Ground-based measurements were made in Newfoundland to study the transport of compounds in springtime arctic air flowing toward the North Atlantic. [Yang J., R. E. Honrath, M. C. Peterson, D. D. Parrish, M. Warshawsky, Photostationary state deviation-estimated peroxy radicals and their implications for HOx and ozone photochemistry at a remote northern Atlantic coastal site, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D02312, 2004].
• 1994, 1995 SOS (Southern Oxidant Study): The primary purpose was to describe the sources, variation, and distribution of ozone and its precursors in the southeastern United States during the summer season using the P-3 aircraft. June and July 1994 and 1995 [Ryerson, T.B., M.P. Buhr, G.J. Frost, P.D. Goldan, J.S. Holloway, G. Hübler, B.T. Jobson, W.C. Kuster, S.A. McKeen, D.D. Parrish, J.M. Roberts, D.T. Sueper, M. Trainer, J. Williams, and F.C. Fehsenfeld, Emissions lifetimes and ozone formation in power plant plumes, J. Geophys. Res., 103 (D17), 22569-22583, 1998].
• 1993 NARE (North Atlantic Regional Experiment): The primary objective was to investigate the chemical and transport processes that shape ozone distributions over the North Atlantic and to estimate the impact of human-induced emissions from North America and Europe on the production of tropospheric ozone and related parameters. Summer, 1993 [Fehsenfeld, F., P. Daum, W. Leaitch, M. Trainer, D. Parrish, and G. Hübler, Transport and processing of O3 and O3 precursors over the North Atlantic: An overview of the 1993 North Atlantic Regional Experiment (NARE) summer intensive, J. Geophys. Res., 101(D22), 28877-28891, 1996].
• 1992 ROSE (Rural Ozone in the Southern Environment): Summertime measurements were made at a rural ground site in Kinterbish, Alabama near Tuscaloosa. Interpretation of the results focused on photochemistry in rural environments, and defined the important role played by natural hydrocarbons [Montzka, S., M. Trainer, W. Angevine, and F. Fehsenfeld, Measurements of 3-methyl furan, methyl vinyl ketone, and methacrolein at a rural forested site in the southeastern United States, J. Geophys. Res., 100(D6), 11393-11401, 1995; Watkins, B., D. Parrish, S. Buhr, R. Norton, M. Trainer, J. Yee, and F. Fehsenfeld, Factors influencing the concentration of gas phase hydrogen peroxide during the summer at Kinterbish, Alabama, J. Geophys. Res., 100(D11), 22841-22851, 1995].
• 1991+ ONA (Ozone in the North Atlantic): Measurements of CO and O3 were made at surface coastal sites in Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, Canada and in the Azores. The goal of the study was to determine if the pollution plume of North America could be observed at the surface from 500 to 1500 km downwind from the Northeastern US urban corridor over Canada, and as far as 3000 km downwind in the Azores. [Parrish, D. D., J. S. Holloway, M. Trainer, P. C. Murphy, G. L. Forbes, and F. C. Fehsenfeld, Export of North American ozone pollution to the North Atlantic Ocean, Science, 259, 1436-1439, 1993; Parrish, D., M. Trainer, J. Holloway, J. Yee, M. Warshawsky, F. Fehsenfeld, G. Forbes, and J. Moody, Relationships between ozone and carbon monoxide at surface sites in the North Atlantic region, J. Geophys. Res., 103(D11), 13357-13376, 1998].
• 1991 FRITZ PEAK, Colorado: The primary goal was to compare hydroxyl radical measurements in the context of a complete suite of photochemical measurements. [Eisele, F., G. Mount, F. Fehsenfeld, J. Harder, E. Marovich, D. Parrish, J. Roberts, M. Trainer, and D. Tanner, Intercomparison of tropospheric OH and ancillary trace gas measurements at Fritz Peak Observatory, Colorado, J. Geophys. Res., 99(D9), 18605-18626, 1994].
• 1991 BOULDER, Colorado: Wintertime measurements in Boulder that focused on characterizing hydrocarbon emissions. [Goldan, P., M. Trainer, W. Kuster, D. Parrish, J. Carpenter, J. Roberts, J. Yee, and F. Fehsenfeld, Measurements of hydrocarbons, oxygenated hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides in an urban basin in Colorado: Implications for Emission Inventories, J. Geophys. Res., 100(D11), 22771-22783, 1995].
• 1990 ROSE (Rural Ozone in the Southern Environment): Summertime measurements were made at a rural ground site in Kinterbish, Alabama near Tuscaloosa. Interpretation of the results focused on ozone production in rural environments [Goldan, P., W. Kuster, F. Fehsenfeld, and S. Montzka, Hydrocarbon measurements in the southeastern United States: The Rural Oxidants in the Southern Environment (ROSE) Program 1990, J. Geophys. Res., 100(D12), 25945-25963, 1995; Montzka, S., M. Trainer, P. Goldan, W. Kuster, and F. Fehsenfeld, Isoprene and its oxidation products, methyl vinyl ketone and methacrolein, in the rural troposphere, J. Geophys. Res., 98(D1), 1101-1111, 1993].
• 1989 NIWOT RIDGE, Colorado: The last of a series of summertime measurement campaigns at the Niwot Ridge site [Watkins, B. A., D. D. Parrish, M. Trainer, R. B. Norton, J. E. Yee, F. C. Fehsenfeld, and B. G. Heikes, Factors influencing the concentration of gas phase hydrogen peroxide during the summer at Niwot Ridge, Colorado, J. Geophys. Res., 100(D11), 22831-22840, 1995].
• 1989 BOULDER, Colorado: A late winter-early spring study that focused on an ammonia measurement intercomparison [Williams, E., S. T. Sandholm, J. D. Bradshaw, J. S. Schendel, A. O. Langford, P. K. Quinn, P. J. LeBel, S. A. Vay, P. D. Roberts, R. B. Norton, B. A. Watkins, M. P. Buhr, D. D. Parrish, J. G. Calvert, F. C. Fehsenfeld, An intercomparison of five ammonia measurement techniques, J. Geophys. Res., 97(D11), 11591-11611, 1992].
• 1988 NACNEMS: Measurements made at seven surface stations in the eastern U.S. and Canada during late summer and early fall of 1988. The focus of the campaign was the production of ozone and the partitioning of reactive oxidized nitrogen species in rural regions of eastern North America [Trainer, M., D. D. Parrish, M. P. Buhr, R. B. Norton, F. C. Fehsenfeld, K. G. Anlauf, J. W. Bottenheim, Y. Z. Tang, H. A. Wiebe, J. M. Roberts, R. L. Tanner, L. Newman, V. C. Bowersox, J. F. Meagher, K. J. Olszyna, M. O. Rodgers, T. Wang, H. Berresheim, K. L. Demerjian, U. K. Roychowdhury, Correlation of ozone with NOy in photochemically aged air, J. Geophys. Res., 98(D2), 2917-2925, 1993; Parrish, D. D., M. P. Buhr, M. Trainer, R. B. Norton, J. P. Shimshock, F. C. Fehsenfeld, K. G. Anlauf, J. W. Bottenheim, Y. Z. Tang, H. A. Wiebe, J. M. Roberts, R. L. Tanner, L. Newman, V. C. Bowersox, K. J. Olszyna, E. M. Bailey, M. O. Rodgers, T. Wang, H. Berresheim, U. K. Roychowdhury, K. L. Demerjiani, The total reactive oxidized nitrogen levels and the partitioning between the individual species at six rural sites in eastern North America, J. Geophys. Res., 98(D2), 2927-2939, 1993].
• 1987 NIWOT RIDGE, Colorado: Ground site at Niwot Ridge, Colorado at an elevation of 3 km. Focus was on characterizing the odd-nitrogen species in rural areas [Ridley, B. A., J. D. Shetter, J. G. Walega, S. Madronich, C. M. Elsworth, F. E. Grahek, F. C. Fehsenfeld, R. B. Norton, D. D. Parrish, G. Hübler, M. Buhr, E. J. Williams, E. J. Allwine, H. H. Westberg, The Behavior of Some Organic Nitrates at Boulder and Niwot Ridge, Colorado, J. Geophys. Res., 95(D9), 13949-13961, 1990].
• 1986 SCOTIA, Pennsylvania: Summertime measurements were made at a ground site in rural Pennsylvania near College Station. Interpretation of the results focused on photochemistry in rural environments, and defined the important role played by natural hydrocarbons [Trainer, M., E.J. Williams, D.D. Parrish, M.P. Buhr, E.J. Allwine, H.H. Westberg, F.C. Fehsenfeld and S.C. Liu: Models and observations of the impact of natural hydrocarbons on rural ozone, Nature, 329, 705-707, 1987].
• 1985 POINT ARENA, California: A sea level site on the Pacific Coast in northern California. Measurements were made in April and May. Interpretation of the results focused on transport of Asian emissions across the Pacific to North America [Parrish, D.D., C.J. Hahn, E.J. Williams, R.B. Norton, F.C. Fehsenfeld, H.B. Singh, J D. Shetter, B.W. Gandrud, and B.A. Ridley, Indications of photochemical histories of Pacific air masses from measurements of atmospheric trace species at Pt. Arena, California, J. Geophys. Res., 97(D14), 15883-15901, 1992].
• 1980-1984 NIWOT RIDGE, Colorado: Ground site in the front range of the Colorado Rocky Mountains at an elevation of 3 km. Measurements were usually summertime, but year-round data were collected in 1980-81. Interpretation of the results focused on the role played by oxidized nitrogen species in photochemistry in rural environments [Liu, S. C., M. Trainer, F. C. Fehsenfeld, D. D. Parrish, E. J. Williams, D. W. Fahey, G. Hübler, and P. C. Murphy, Ozone Production in the Rural Troposphere and the Implications for Regional and Global Ozone Distributions, J. Geophys. Res., 92(D4), 4191-4207, 1987; Singh, H. B., L. J. Salas, B. A. Ridley, J. D. Shetter, N. M. Donahue, F. C. Fehsenfeld, D. W. Fahey, D. D. Parrish, E. J. Williams, S.C. Liu, G. Hübler, and P. C. Murphy, Relationship between peroxyacetyl nitrate and nitrogen oxides in the clean troposphere, Nature, 318, 347-349, 1985].