Aerosol Properties & Processes: Instruments

PALMS Spectra Categories

View Labels for About the Spectra Categories


WAM Category Labels

WAM Positive Categories:

Positive Category 1: meteoric metals/sulfuric acid
Positive Category 2: organic & sulfate & Hg & halogen
Positive Category 3: NO+ & sulfate & carbon & Hg
Positive Category 4: sulfate & NO+ & carbonaceous
Positive Category 5: sulfuric acid with C and NO
Positive Category 6: NO+ & carbon
Positive Category 7: K & carbonaceous
Positive Category 8: organic & NO+ & sulfate
Positive Category 9: sulfate & organic
Positive Category 10: potassium, calcium, sodium, aluminum & barium

Positive Category 11: carbonaceous & iron & mix
Positive Category 12: modified meteoric metals
Positive Category 13: carbonaceous/sulfate/mass 63 and 91
Positive Category 14: water clusters
Positive Category 15: high mass organic
Positive Category 16: Al & Fe (trop and strat probably different types)
Positive Category 17: mineral with Ba
Positive Category 18: calcium rich
Positive Category 19: sodium & potassium
Positive Category 20: organic with mass 80

Positive Category 21: H+ peak
Positive Category 22: no category labels available
Positive Category 23: no category labels available
Positive Category 24: no category labels available
Positive Category 25: elemental carbon
Positive Category 26: steel?
Positive Category 27: no category labels available
Positive Category 28: no category labels available
Positive Category 29: no category labels available
Positive Category 30: vanadium

Positive Category 31: lead
Positive Category 32: no category labels available
Positive Category 33: no category labels available
Positive Category 34: no category labels available
Positive Category 35: no category labels available
Positive Category 36: no category labels available
Positive Category 37: no category labels available
Positive Category 38: no category labels available
Positive Category 39: no category labels available
Positive Category 40: zinc & lead

Positive Category 41: no category labels available
Positive Category 42: no category labels available
Positive Category 43: no category labels available
Positive Category 44: no category labels available
Positive Category 45: no category labels available
Positive Category 46: no category labels available
Positive Category 47: no category labels available
Positive Category 48: calcium
Positive Category 49: no category labels available
Positive Category 50: no category labels available

Positive Category 51: no category labels available
Positive Category 52: no category labels available
Positive Category 53: no category labels available
Positive Category 54: no category labels available
Positive Category 55: no category labels available
Positive Category 56: no category labels available
Positive Category 57: no category labels available

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WAM Negative Categories:

Negative Category 1: sulfate with fragment ions & sometimes some organic
Negative Category 2: sulfate with cluster ions
Negative Category 3: sulfate & organic
Negative Category 4: O- & organic & some sulfate
Negative Category 5: organic & sulfate
Negative Category 6: organic & sulfate
Negative Category 7: organic & sulfate & halogen
Negative Category 8: modified elemental carbon & organic: biomass?
Negative Category 9: O- & CN- & sometimes mineral
Negative Category 10: mineral

Negative Category 11: modified elemental carbon & hydrocarbon
Negative Category 12: O- & unknown
Negative Category 13: nitrate & mineral & organic
Negative Category 14: sulfate & poor signal quality
Negative Category 15: O- & OH- & low signal
Negative Category 16: chlorine rich
Negative Category 17: O- & CN- & HSO4-
Negative Category 18: hydrogen peak
Negative Category 19: O- & 43
Negative Category 20: NO2 & mixture

Negative Category 21: nitrate
Negative Category 22: ClO4 (but categorization had problems here)
Negative Category 23: no category labels available
Negative Category 24: no category labels available
Negative Category 25: no category labels available
Negative Category 26: sodium sulfate
Negative Category 27: no category labels available
Negative Category 28: no category labels available
Negative Category 29: no category labels available
Negative Category 30: no category labels available

Negative Category 31: oxalic acid
Negative Category 32: no category labels available
Negative Category 33: no category labels available
Negative Category 34: low signal
Negative Category 35: no category labels available
Negative Category 36: no category labels available
Negative Category 37: phosphate
Negative Category 38: no category labels available
Negative Category 39: no category labels available
Negative Category 40: no category labels available

Negative Category 41: no category labels available
Negative Category 42: no category labels available
Negative Category 43: no category labels available
Negative Category 44: no category labels available
Negative Category 45: no category labels available
Negative Category 46: no category labels available
Negative Category 47: no category labels available
Negative Category 48: no category labels available
Negative Category 49: no category labels available
Negative Category 50: no category labels available

Negative Category 51: no category labels available
Negative Category 52: no category labels available
Negative Category 53: no category labels available
Negative Category 54: no category labels available
Negative Category 55: no category labels available

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Idaho Hill Category Labels

Idaho Hill Positive Categories:

Positive Category 1: organic & sulfate
Positive Category 2: potassium & iron & organic: part fly ash?
Positive Category 3: potassium rich
Positive Category 4: potassium & sulfate & organic
Positive Category 5: NO+ & ammonium & organic
Positive Category 6: salt & sulfate
Positive Category 7: sulfate & nitrate & NH4 & organic
Positive Category 8: elemental carbon / hydrocarbon
Positive Category 9: iron & potassium
Positive Category 10: organic with potassium: biomass?

Positive Category 11: nitrate & sulfate & more
Positive Category 12: calcium rich
Positive Category 13: C+
Positive Category 14: salt
Positive Category 15: high mass organic
Positive Category 16: amines (stockyards about 30 km east of site)
Positive Category 17: vanadium
Positive Category 18: NO+ & ammonium
Positive Category 19: lead
Positive Category 20: NO+ & ammonium
Positive Category 21: potassium low signal

Positive Category 22: no category labels available
Positive Category 23: no category labels available
Positive Category 24: no category labels available
Positive Category 25: no category labels available
Positive Category 26: no category labels available
Positive Category 27: no category labels available
Positive Category 28: no category labels available
Positive Category 29: no category labels available
Positive Category 30: no category labels available

Positive Category 31: no category labels available
Positive Category 32: no category labels available
Positive Category 33: no category labels available
Positive Category 34: no category labels available
Positive Category 35: no category labels available
Positive Category 36: no category labels available
Positive Category 37: no category labels available
Positive Category 38: no category labels available
Positive Category 39: no category labels available
Positive Category 40: no category labels available

Positive Category 41: no category labels available
Positive Category 42: no category labels available
Positive Category 43: no category labels available
Positive Category 44: no category labels available
Positive Category 45: no category labels available
Positive Category 46: no category labels available
Positive Category 47: no category labels available
Positive Category 48: no category labels available
Positive Category 49: no category labels available
Positive Category 50: no category labels available

Positive Category 51: no category labels available
Positive Category 52: no category labels available
Positive Category 53: no category labels available
Positive Category 54: no category labels available
Positive Category 55: no category labels available
Positive Category 56: no category labels available
Positive Category 57: no category labels available
Positive Category 58: no category labels available
Positive Category 59: no category labels available
Positive Category 60: no category labels available

Positive Category 61: no category labels available
Positive Category 62: no category labels available
Positive Category 63: no category labels available
Positive Category 64: no category labels available
Positive Category 65: no category labels available
Positive Category 66: no category labels available
Positive Category 67: no category labels available
Positive Category 68: no category labels available
Positive Category 69: no category labels available
Positive Category 70: no category labels available

Positive Category 71: no category labels available
Positive Category 72: no category labels available
Positive Category 73: no category labels available
Positive Category 74: no category labels available

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Idaho Hill Negative Categories:

Negative Category 1: sulfate & organic
Negative Category 2: nitrate & mineral
Negative Category 3: sulfate & very occasional nitrate
Negative Category 4: organic & sulfate
Negative Category 5: nitrate
Negative Category 6: high mass organic & sulfate
Negative Category 7: organic & sulfate & possibly mineral
Negative Category 8: O- & OH- & organic
Negative Category 9: mineral, often with poor mass resolution
Negative Category 10: nitrate & sulfate & organic acid

Negative Category 11: modified elemental carbon/hydrocarbon
Negative Category 12: sulfate & electrons
Negative Category 13: H- & O-
Negative Category 14: elemental carbon
Negative Category 15: nitrate
Negative Category 16: phosphorus & nitrate
Negative Category 17: nitrate with clusters
Negative Category 18: high mass organic & organic acid & sulfate
Negative Category 19: CN- & nitrate
Negative Category 20: hydrocarbon?

Negative Category 21: sulfate
Negative Category 22: no category labels available
Negative Category 23: no category labels available
Negative Category 24: no category labels available
Negative Category 25: no category labels available
Negative Category 26: no category labels available
Negative Category 27: no category labels available
Negative Category 28: no category labels available
Negative Category 29: no category labels available
Negative Category 30: no category labels available

Negative Category 31: no category labels available
Negative Category 32: no category labels available
Negative Category 33: no category labels available
Negative Category 34: no category labels available
Negative Category 35: no category labels available
Negative Category 36: no category labels available
Negative Category 37: no category labels available
Negative Category 38: no category labels available
Negative Category 39: no category labels available
Negative Category 40: no category labels available

Negative Category 41: no category labels available
Negative Category 42: no category labels available
Negative Category 43: no category labels available
Negative Category 44: no category labels available
Negative Category 45: no category labels available
Negative Category 46: no category labels available
Negative Category 47: no category labels available
Negative Category 48: no category labels available
Negative Category 49: no category labels available
Negative Category 50: no category labels available

Negative Category 51: no category labels available
Negative Category 52: no category labels available
Negative Category 53: no category labels available
Negative Category 54: no category labels available
Negative Category 55: no category labels available
Negative Category 56: no category labels available
Negative Category 57: no category labels available
Negative Category 58: no category labels available
Negative Category 59: no category labels available
Negative Category 60: no category labels available

Negative Category 61: no category labels available
Negative Category 62: no category labels available
Negative Category 63: no category labels available
Negative Category 64: no category labels available
Negative Category 65: no category labels available
Negative Category 66: no category labels available
Negative Category 67: no category labels available

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Cape Grim Category Labels

Cape Grim Positive Categories:

Positive Category 1: Sea salt #1
Positive Category 2: Sea salt with Ca, carbon, ...
Positive Category 3: Sea salt #2: more NaCl clusters
Positive Category 4: mixed sulfate and organic
Positive Category 5: Mg rich, including sea salt with Mg
Positive Category 6: metals
Positive Category 7: low signal mass 32
Positive Category 8: copper iodide??
Positive Category 9: miscellaneous potassium rich
Positive Category 10: organic possibly with amines

Positive Category 11: calcium
Positive Category 12: carbon and low signal level
Positive Category 13: NO+
Positive Category 14: low mass carbon clusters
Positive Category 15: salt with low signal/large K peak
Positive Category 16: potassium with mass 59
Positive Category 17: organics!
Positive Category 18: small signal NO+, organic, sulfate with baseline shift
Positive Category 19: C3+ and potassium
Positive Category 20: NO+ and organic

Positive Category 21: mass 86
Positive Category 22: iodine
Positive Category 23: vanadium
Positive Category 24: no category labels available
Positive Category 25: no category labels available
Positive Category 26: lead
Positive Category 27: no category labels available
Positive Category 28: no category labels available
Positive Category 29: zinc
Positive Category 30: no category labels available

Positive Category 31: no category labels available
Positive Category 32: no category labels available
Positive Category 33: no category labels available
Positive Category 34: probable titanium
Positive Category 35: no category labels available
Positive Category 36: elemental carbon
Positive Category 37: K n(H2O)
Positive Category 38: no category labels available
Positive Category 39: no category labels available
Positive Category 40: no category labels available

Positive Category 41: no category labels available
Positive Category 42: no category labels available
Positive Category 43: no category labels available
Positive Category 44: no category labels available
Positive Category 45: no category labels available
Positive Category 46: no category labels available
Positive Category 47: no category labels available
Positive Category 48: no category labels available
Positive Category 49: no category labels available
Positive Category 50: no category labels available

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Cape Grim Negative Categories:

Negative Category 1: Sea salt
Negative Category 2: Sea salt often with some sulfate and organic
Negative Category 3: Sea salt with clusters
Negative Category 4: chlorine
Negative Category 5: sulfate (acidic or ammoniated sulfate but not sodium sulfate)
Negative Category 6: O- and Cl
Negative Category 7: sea salt with large NaCl cluster peak
Negative Category 8: mix...
Negative Category 9: iodine
Negative Category 10: organic

Negative Category 11: low signal with Cl
Negative Category 12: low signal with NaCl cluster
Negative Category 13: sodium sulfate
Negative Category 14: nitrate
Negative Category 15: phosphorus
Negative Category 16: organic and sulfate
Negative Category 17: elemental carbon/hydrocarbon with sulfate
Negative Category 18: O-, often with sulfate
Negative Category 19: chromium and phosphorus
Negative Category 20: sulfate and organic

Negative Category 21: elemental carbon
Negative Category 22: no category labels available
Negative Category 23: mineral
Negative Category 24: no category labels available
Negative Category 25: no category labels available
Negative Category 26: no category labels available
Negative Category 27: no category labels available
Negative Category 28: no category labels available
Negative Category 29: no category labels available
Negative Category 30: no category labels available

Negative Category 31: no category labels available
Negative Category 32: no category labels available
Negative Category 33: no category labels available
Negative Category 34: no category labels available
Negative Category 35: no category labels available
Negative Category 36: no category labels available
Negative Category 37: sodium nitrate
Negative Category 38: no category labels available
Negative Category 39: no category labels available
Negative Category 40: no category labels available

Negative Category 41: no category labels available
Negative Category 42: no category labels available
Negative Category 43: no category labels available
Negative Category 44: no category labels available
Negative Category 45: no category labels available
Negative Category 46: no category labels available
Negative Category 47: no category labels available
Negative Category 48: no category labels available
Negative Category 49: no category labels available

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ACCENT Category Labels

ACCENT Positive Categories:

Positive Category 1: meteoric metals & sulfuric acid
Positive Category 2: sulfate & NO+ & organic & mercury
Positive Category 3: NO+ & sulfate & organics
Positive Category 4: NO+
Positive Category 5: carbon & NO+ & water & sulfate
Positive Category 6: NO+ & sulfate & organics
Positive Category 7: carbon & NO+
Positive Category 8: NO+ & sulfate with water clusters
Positive Category 9: potassium & organics & ...
Positive Category 10: carbon clusters & organic & sulfate
Positive Category 11: organics & water & probable MSA
Positive Category 12: mass 28 & sulfate & more
Positive Category 13: high mass organic with mass 43
Positive Category 14: Al & Fe
Positive Category 15: modified sea salt & other Na/K mixtures
Positive Category 16: mass 80 organic
Positive Category 17: calcium
Positive Category 18: C & Al & K & Fe
Positive Category 19: high mass organic with mass 77
Positive Category 20: mass 91 and 108
Positive Category 21: unknown
Positive Category 22: K with mass 43
Positive Category 23: iron and Si
Positive Category 24: Fe & Na & K
Positive Category 25: vanadium
Positive Category 26: water clusters
Positive Category 27: no category labels available
Positive Category 28: Pb Positive Category 29: COCl or AlHCl in plume, Cu elsewhere
Positive Category 30: Al &Ti
Positive Category 31: no category labels available
Positive Category 32: no category labels available
Positive Category 33: metals
Positive Category 34: no category labels available
Positive Category 35: no category labels available
Positive Category 36: no category labels available
Positive Category 37: zinc, may have other material in plume
Positive Category 38: no category labels available
Positive Category 39: no category labels available
Positive Category 40: no category labels available
Positive Category 41: no category labels available
Positive Category 42: no category labels available
Positive Category 43: no category labels available
Positive Category 44: no category labels available
Positive Category 45: no category labels available
Positive Category 46: no category labels available
Positive Category 47: no category labels available
Positive Category 48: no category labels available
Positive Category 49: nickel
Positive Category 50: no category labels available
Positive Category 51: Al & chlorinated

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ACCENT Negative Categories:

Negative Category 1: sulfate
Negative Category 2: organics & sulfate
Negative Category 3: organics & sulfate
Negative Category 4: sulfate with cluster peak
Negative Category 5: simple sulfate spectrum
Negative Category 6: sulfate with H2SO4 cluster
Negative Category 7: organics & sulfate with large C2\S-
Negative Category 8: O- & OH- & AlO
Negative Category 9: O-& C2\S-
Negative Category 10: nitrate & organic
Negative Category 11: nitrate & organic acid
Negative Category 12: nitrate & mineral & misc.
Negative Category 13: mineral
Negative Category 14: O- & HSO4\S-
Negative Category 15: Aluminum & chlorine
Negative Category 16: chlorine
Negative Category 17: MSA?
Negative Category 18: oxalate
Negative Category 19: nitrate low signal
Negative Category 20: sulfate with water clusters
Negative Category 21: elemental carbon & hydrocarbons
Negative Category 22: nitrate with cluster ion
Negative Category 23: phosphate
Negative Category 24: CN- & mineral
Negative Category 25: AlO with fluorine
Negative Category 26: no category labels available
Negative Category 27: sodium sulfate
Negative Category 28: nitrate with high mass ions
Negative Category 29: no category labels available
Negative Category 30: no category labels available
Negative Category 31: no category labels available
Negative Category 32: no category labels available
Negative Category 33: no category labels available
Negative Category 34: chlorine cluster ion

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